Endocrine Abstracts

Introduction: To understand the pathological changes associated with glucose homeostasis in old age, it is necessary to know the natural changes in the processing of proinsulin into mature insulin. Surprisingly, while there is abundant information about insulin function in diabetics, the situation in healthy adults and old humans was rarely examined.The study aimed: To determine how the proinsulin secretion in individuals with normal glucose tolerance ch...

Objective: We developed a novel dual-component molecular assay as an ancillary method to improve clinical decision-making in patients with cytologically indeterminate thyroid nodules. The assay includes next-generation sequencing (NGS) based detection of mutations in 23 thyroid cancer related genes and digital polymerase chain reaction (dPCR) evaluation of the expression levels of a microRNA strongly associated with thyroid cancer. The method was designed as a “rule-out&#...

Introduction: Immunotherapy has demonstrated a key role in the current individualized treatment of multiple neoplasms, with adverse events related to the endocrine. Thyroid dysfunction is the most frequent reported endocrine event during treatment with pembrolizumab, being autoimmune diabetes an extremely rare adverse effect.Case Report: We present a case of a 72-year-old man with a progressing urothelial bladder carcinoma (stage IIIB), under treatment w...

Introduction: The development of new pharmacological classes for type 2 diabetes (T2D) treatment with extra-glycaemic benefits has led to the update of the treatment algorithm, presenting new effective alternatives to patients’ insulinization. The present study aims to evaluate the evolution of prescription and its impact in metabolic control of patients enrolled on an educational diabetes program of a tertiary hospital.Objectives: To evaluate trend...

Bile acids (BA) are cholesterol-derived molecules that are mostly known for their involvement in lipid digestion and absorption. Recent evidence recognizes them as metabolic integrators able to reduce body weight (BW), increase energy expenditure (EE) and improve glycemic control by activating their specific receptor, the Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5) in peripheral organs. These outcomes have increased importance in the context of diet-induced obesity and associat...

Introduction: The adrenal morphology in congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is poorly described in the literature, so that adrenal radiological evaluation is not recommended in patients with CAH. The aim of this study was to evaluate the adrenal morphology in a large cohort of adult patients with CAH due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency and its correlation with the subtype of CAH (non-classical-NCAH, simple virilizing-SV, or salt wasting-SW), the hormonal status and the treatment...

Objective: The aim of this study was to define which hormonal cut-off values can discriminate polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) from non classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21-NCAH).Patients and methods: We included 70 women in reproductive age who attended our Unit from 2003 to 2018 for a diagnosis of PCOS with a basal 17hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP) level in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle ≥200 ng/d...

Background: Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with a wide range of chronic diseases, including childhood obesity. Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in obese children and adolescents ranges from 6.5% to 57% depending on the population and criteria.Subjects and methods: This cross-sectional clinical study included 92 obese patients with BMI z score <2 and 39 healthy normal-weight subjects in the control group who were matched with the study gro...

Introduction: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that is manifested by progressive loss of cognitive function. Neuroactive steroids and their metabolites have an important regulatory role in the nervous system, affect neuronal plasticity, response to stress, learning and memory and have a neuroprotective effect. One of the not fully elucidated risk factors for AD is impaired glucose tolerance/type 2 diabetes (T2D). It is well known that lower androgen...

Introduction: Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNET) are rare, with an incidence of 1/100,000/year. Chromogranin A (CgA) is the most valuable marker in the diagnosis and monitoring of PNET. One of the disadvantages is its low specificity and the existence of a number of processes leading to an increase in its concentration, which often results in confusion and diagnostic difficulties.Case report: We present a 44-years-old female patient...